Eric Berger

The winter storm forecast for next week remains complex, with snow, ice, cold rain all still possible

In brief: Houston has three more modestly warm days before a strong front brings much colder conditions by Saturday night. After that we still have a lot of questions about how cold things will get, and what type of precipitation Houston will see. It could be really messy, or it could be mostly fine.

Winter storm status

We are continuing to see a distinct lack of consistency in the forecast for next week, both in terms of low temperatures and the potential for snow or other kind of wintry precipitation. To give you an example of this, over the last 24 hours, the highly respected European model has forecast everything from nearly 1 inch of freezing rain, to 2 inches of snow, to nothing in terms of wintry precipitation. So good luck with that.

A comparison of the Wednesday (noon) run of the European model for freezing rainfall totals (left side), with that of this morning (6 am). The difference is significant. (Weather Bell)

When we are vague and talk about the ‘potential’ for a winter storm during the period of Monday night and Tuesday of next week, that’s just what we mean. Although your phone may be telling you there will be six inches of snow or some other type of precipitation, just know that this forecast can, and probably will change. Our advice is to continue to be prepared for wintry precipitation early next week, most likely on Monday night and Tuesday, but to understand that it also may not happen. I know the lack of certainty is frustrating, but it’s the reality of the forecast at this time.

We’ve had a lot of questions about electricity as well, and that’s understandable. This will depend on how cold it gets in Texas, and locally, whether we see a lot of ice (which gets on powerlines and can snap them). At this time I’m leaning toward the potential for lower impacts and fewer outages, but again this will depend on how the forecast plays out.

Thursday

We don’t have any weather concerns today in Houston. Expect high temperatures to reach the lower 60s, with mostly sunny skies, and light winds. Honestly, this is a good candidate for the nicest day of 2025 so far. Low temperatures tonight will drop into the mid-40s, with clear skies.

Friday will be very pleasant, temperature wise, in Houston. (Weather Bell)

Friday

This will be the warmest day for awhile, even as clouds build over the area. Expect highs in the upper 60s to possibly 70 degrees. We’ll also see humidity levels briefly spike up on Friday afternoon and evening. You remember what humidity is, right? Lows on Friday night will only drop into the 50s.

Saturday

Hello, cold front day. The front should arrive some time on Saturday morning, in the form of drier air and stronger northerly winds. However, as skies will be partly to mostly sunny after the front, and the colder air will lag behind a bit, I think high temperatures will still get into the low- to mid-60s for many locations on Saturday. So while this will be a breezy day, it won’t be a particularly cold day. That will change toward evening, however, as colder air arrives with the setting Sun. Lows on Sunday night will drop into the mid-30s in Houston, with the potential for a light freeze for inland areas.

Sunday

For the Houston Marathon, there’s no way to get around this. It’s going to be cold. We’re going to see brisk northerly winds which will, at times, be gusting up to 20 or 25 mph. Start line temperatures will likely be around 34 to 38 degrees in downtown Houston, rising to the lower 40s by late morning. So yeah, a very cold race. By Sunday afternoon temperatures likely will reach the upper 40s. Lows on Sunday night will probably drop to around the freezing level in Houston, give or take, with the coast remaining above freezing and inland areas dropping a few degrees below freezing.

MLK Day

If you’re planning on attending the parades on Monday, or participating in some other activity related to the holiday, please bundle up. Skies will be partly sunny, with high temperatures around 40 degrees. There’s also the potential for a light drizzle on Monday afternoon or evening.

Monday night through Wednesday

This is the likely period of coldest weather in Houston, and when we are most concerned about the potential for freezing weather. The problem is we don’t really know how cold conditions will get in Houston or surrounding areas, and we don’t know precisely how much precipitation will fall, or when. So right now we’re smacking you with a big snowball of uncertainty.

This is the “best guess” for temperatures in Houston through Wednesday of next week. (Weather Bell)

My sense is that temperatures in central Houston will probably fall into a range of 25 to 35 degrees on the mornings of Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday. That obviously ranges from a borderline hard freeze to non-freezing. (Obviously, the likelihood of a hard freeze is significantly higher for locations such as The Woodlands, and points to the north and northwest of Houston). So if you have sensitive pipes and plants you should be preparing for very cold weather here. But the reality is, we may not get that cold.

As for precipitation, a coastal low pressure system is likely to bring some form of it to the region on Monday night and Tuesday. Because of the uncertainty on temperatures, this could still come in the form of rain, snow, freezing rain, or possibly even sleet although that looks like a lesser possibility. The bottom line is Tuesday morning may be pretty messy on the roads around Houston. Or it could be fine. It may yet be a couple of days before we can say for sure. I want to see some agreement and consistency in the models, and as yet there is none.

Temperatures begin to warm up on Wednesday and Thursday.

Colder weather arrives on Sunday, with the possibility of snow early next week

In brief: Today’s post delves into the uncertainty around the potential for snow early next week, as well as just how cold things will get. The reality is, in Houston, one just cannot confidently forecast snow nearly a week out. As for temperatures, we appear to be trending away from extreme cold, which is a good thing.

Winter storm real talk

Whenever there’s the possibility of snow in Houston, people lose their minds. Some people are absolutely giddy at the rare prospect of snow. Others fear what it will do to Houston’s unprepared drivers and untreated roads. Kids anticipate the rarest of all gifts in Houston, a ‘snow’ day.

Here’s the reality from a forecaster’s standpoint. Yes, there is an increasing possibility of snow or sleet beginning next Monday night and Tuesday, but this is still nearly six days away. This means our confidence in forecasting any wintry precipitation remains very low. There is probably about a 50-50 chance we see some kind of wintry mix, so set your expectations accordingly. Our confidence in the forecast will increase as we get closer.

How different types of winter precipitation form. (National Weather Service)

Wednesday

We’re seeing fairly widespread, light showers this morning, and these will continue for most of the day. The showers are more numerous south of Interstate 10, closer to the source of moisture. None of this rain is likely to turn heavy, so mostly the will just be a cold, light rain. With mostly cloudy skies, expect high temperatures in the low 50s. Temperatures tonight will drop to about 40 degrees, with clearing skies.

Thursday

NICE DAY ALERT! This will be a mostly sunny day day with high temperatures in the low 60s. Honestly, looking ahead at the forecast, this is probably going to be the nicest day outside for quite awhile. Lows on Thursday night will drop into the lower 60s.

Friday

We’ll see some blue skies on Friday morning, maybe, but then clouds will start top build. Temperatures will approach 70 degrees during the afternoon hours, with modestly increasing humidity levels. There will be a slight chance of some showers on Friday night, but these now look to be mostly light instead of anything threatening. Lows on Friday night will likely only drop into the upper 50s.

Saturday

This will be a partly sunny day, with highs in the low 60s ahead of a strong cold front. A few showers and thunderstorms may be possible just ahead of the front as it moves through, but for many people this could be a dry passage. I expect the front to reach central Houston by around noon, and push off the coast shortly afterward. We may hold on to temperatures in the 50s for a few hours after the front passes, but as the sun sets and northwesterly winds blow, much drier and colder air will be pushing in. Lows on Saturday night will drop into the 30s.

Current forecast for start-line temperatures at the marathon on Sunday morning. (Weather Bell)

Sunday

You read that right, marathon runners. I now expect start-line temperatures in Houston to be in the vicinity of the mid-30s. We don’t need to worry about precipitation, fortunately, and skies should be mostly clear. What I’m watching mostly closely is winds. Right now they’re likely to be out of the north at 10 to 15 mph. The trend in gusts has been slightly lower, so for now I’d anticipate gusting up to about 25 mph. That is certainly no picnic, but it beats 30 or 35 mph. The bottom line is that if you’re running, I recommend bundling up. I’ll be wearing my warmer gloves for this one. Highs on Sunday will reach the mid- to upper-40s most likely before a possible freeze on Sunday night.

MLK Day

The forecast models have, in recent runs, backed off some of the extreme cold anticipated for next week. The caveat at the beginning of this post about snow uncertainty still applies to temperatures as well. But at this point I would expect most of Houston to experience a light freeze on Monday morning, with partly sunny skies. Highs will only reach 40 degrees. So if you’re participating or watching a parade, please dress warmly.

The rest of next week

Beginning Monday evening, through Wednesday morning, is when the Houston region will experience the best chance of a wintry mix and coldest temperatures.

The European model ensemble forecast is fairly bullish on snow next Tuesday in Houston, but such forecasts can (and often do) change. (Weather Bell)

We’ll start with temperatures. At this point I think we’ll probably bottom out on Tuesday and Wednesday mornings. For Houston, the likely range of temperatures on these mornings is probably 25 to 30 degrees, with a hard freeze possible for inland areas, and the immediate coast possibly remaining just above freezing. High temperatures through Wednesday will likely be on the order of 40 degrees. Again we’ll have to fine-tune the temperature forecast as we get closer.

With regard to precipitation, we’ll start to see an influx of moisture beginning later on Monday and Monday night, and this will bring a modest chance of precipitation on Monday night, Tuesday, and Tuesday night. With the colder air this brings the possibility of snow (most likely at this time), sleet, or freezing rain into the forecast. Because slight temperature differences in the atmosphere will determine the type of precipitation, we just cannot make a call on whether it will snow, sleet, or rain in Houston during the first half of next week. But it’s a distinct possibility, along with some mobility issues on Tuesday and Wednesday morning. We’ll be watching all of this closely over the weekend for you, with regular updates.

A warming trend begins Thursday.

How Space City Weather will, and will not, use artificial intelligence

In brief: The initial release of ChatGPT in November 2022 sparked a widespread recognition of the promise and peril of artificial intelligence. We’ve been watching these developments closely, both in the broader public context as well as in weather modeling. For the sake of transparency, here’s how we plan to use AI now and in the future.

As artificial intelligence plays an increasingly prominent role in society, I want to clarify what this means for Space City Weather now, and in the future. The central message I wish to convey is that Space City is, and always will be the creative product of human beings. What is written and forecast here is done by people. At the same time, Matt and I are not burying our heads in the sand. As technology changes, we embrace that which improves our ability to forecast the weather and communicate that information.

For example, I started in newspaper journalism more than 25 years ago. At the beginning of my career, printed newspapers still largely set the news agenda. But in 2005, while still at the Houston Chronicle, I started blogging. With the arrival of hurricanes Katrina and Rita that summer, I soon realized the power of immediate communication on the Internet, the value of sharing links to credible information, and the hunger of people for this change. In the two decades since, I have made the majority of my living writing for online publications, without a paywall. This is one reason why I am so committed to keeping Space City Weather free and open to all. We started as a web site, grew on social media, and now many of you are reading this on an app. I cannot foresee where things will be in 10 years, but wherever people want to read Space City Weather, we will be there.

The rise of AI and weather

Artificial intelligence has been lumbering along in the background for several years, but it has really broken through recently with large language models such as ChatGPT. These artificial intelligence systems can be quite good at some tasks. One of these turns out to be forecasting the weather. There are repositories of meteorological data that go back more than 50 years that can be used to ‘train’ designated models for weather prediction. There are now about 10 major groups out there developing AI-based models, and some of them have gotten quite good. Further improvements are likely.

Traditional weather models, which are based on complex physical equations, attempt to simulate the atmosphere and crunch through those equations to predict what will happen next. These physics-based models have gotten steadily better over the years, especially because of more powerful supercomputers and sophisticated tools to ingest more real-world weather conditions (i.e. the temperature at 10,000 feet above the surface of the Atlantic Ocean) into the model before it is run. AI-based models perform none of these physical computations. They can, therefore, be run incredibly quickly, on fairly simple computers.

How we will use AI

Matt and I have been following the output of AI-based weather models for more than a year now, and they definitely have their strengths. Such models are quite good at three- and five-day forecasts to the point where they sometimes outperform physics-based models at tasks such as hurricane tracks. They also have their weaknesses. For example, AI-based models are not (yet) good at high-resolution modeling and predicting the development of thunderstorms. So no, we still won’t be able to tell you whether it’s going to rain at your house at 3 pm on some days.

The bottom line is that we are using AI-based modeling tools as a part of our forecasts here at Space City Weather. They’re not a panacea, but they are another tool in our arsenal that runs the gamut from hand-drawn isobar maps to sophisticated models on supercomputers. I suspect they will be an even more useful tool over the next five years. But that is where our use of artificial intelligence will end. We have not, nor will we use any AI-based service for the writing of our forecasts. Very occasionally we may use an AI-based illustration, but if we do it will be clearly labeled as such.

We want you to know that at Space City Weather our commitment is to show up every day and make each forecast with our best effort, without influence or intervention from anyone else. We don’t win them all. Humans are fallible. But you can rest assured that they are honest mistakes rather than AI-induced hallucinations.

— Eric Berger, January 2025

Next week’s Arctic blast starting to come into better focus, and it looks fairly cold

In brief: In today’s post we discuss the state of Houston’s winter to date, which is more or less in line with seasonal predictions. We then look at relatively mild weather for the rest of this week, followed by sharply colder conditions on Sunday and the first half of next week.

Winter update

Don’t look know, but if we define winter as December, January, and February—which is as good a time period for winter in Houston as any—we are now just about halfway through. So far, we have had generally warmer than normal temperatures, with the city’s average temperature in December nearly 6 degrees above normal. Last week was significantly colder, but on average we’re still a few degrees above normal so far this winter.

What is “normal?” Generally, in January, we see highs in the low 60s, and overnight lows in the lower 40s. We will be in the vicinity of that for most of this week, although the mercury goes up toward the end of the work week. We might even hit 70 degrees on Friday or possibly Saturday ahead of a strong front.

Houston experienced its first bout with much colder winter weather last week. (National Weather Service)

If you cast your mind back two months ago, when we published our winter outlook, we predicted a warmer than normal winter. But there was a caveat:

Because of the way this pattern sets up, it will block much of the colder Arctic and Canadian air from the lower United States for most of the winter. But that does not exclude the pattern breaking one or two times. If that happens, and it probably will at least once this winter, there will be a large pool of much colder air available to dip down into the southern United States, including Texas.

We had the first of those outbreaks of colder Arctic air during the first 10 days of January. Now, we’re about to get a second one during the last 10 days of the month. At this point, the upcoming period of colder weather looks like it could be sharper than the first one in early January, with a hard freeze possible for much of the Houston metro area. More on this below.

Tuesday

Winds have shifted to come from the northeast overnight, and they’ll shift further to the east today. This will bring with it an increase in atmospheric moisture and the development of more clouds. This will help to limit high temperatures to the mid- to upper-50s today with milder conditions tonight. Lows will drop into the upper 40s.

Wednesday

This will be a fairly grim day. In addition to mostly cloudy skies, a coastal low will help produce a decent chance of rain showers across the southern half of the metro area, with a lower possibility of rain further inland. Expect highs in the lower 50s, so along with leaden skies and the potential for some light showers this will be dreary affair. Lows on Wednesday night drop into the low- to mid-40s.

Thursday

This day should bring some sunnier skies, with highs of around 60 degrees and overnight lows in the mid-40s.

High temperature forecast for Friday.

Friday

This will be a warmer day, with highs near 70 degrees and partly sunny skies. However, there will be chance of showers later in the day, and possibly a few thunderstorms out ahead of a cold front that’s due to push through on Saturday. Lows on Friday night will only drop into the upper 50s, which will be our warmest night for quite a while.

Saturday

The cold front is on schedule to arrive on Saturday, perhaps sometime around the middle of the day. We’ll be reasonably warm ahead of the front, and it looks like colder air will lag a bit behind the frontal passage. So with partly to mostly sunny skies, we could see some highs in the upper 60s. However as evening rolls around the northerly winds will start to really ramp up, ushering in colder and drier air. Look for overnight lows to fall to around 40 degrees in Houston, or a bit lower.

GFS model forecast for wind gusts at 6 am CT on Sunday morning. (Weather Bell)

Sunday

If you’re going to be on the start line of the Houston Marathon on Sunday morning like me, you’re going to want to prepare for colder temperatures. The good news is that I don’t expect any precipitation, and skies most likely will be partly to mostly sunny. The bad news is that winds will bring an additional chill into the air. I expect sunrise temperatures to be in the upper 30s in downtown Houston, with the likelihood of wind gusts of 20 to 30 mph. So it will feel really cold, especially in downtown with the tunneling effect between buildings. Even for people who like to run in cold weather, like me, this is pretty chilly. Highs will reach about 50 degrees later on Sunday before temperatures plunge on Sunday night.

Next week

So how cold will things get next week? We just cannot say for certain yet. I think we are probably looking at lows in metro Houston anywhere from the low-20s at the low end, to low-30s at the higher end of the forecast. So that’s the possible range. The coldest days look to be Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday before temperatures moderate toward the end of the week.

As for precipitation, there’s a non-zero chance of snow or sleet on Monday, Monday night, or Tuesday. I do think snow is at least a possibility, because the atmosphere looks to be freezing all the way down to the ground. But it will depend on whether we get any precipitation, and how much, and at what hours of the day or night. I think the bottom line is that we might expect the possibility of some travel disruptions on Monday or Tuesday of next week, but that does not mean serious issues are likely. We’re just going to have to see how the forecast plays out over the next couple of days. Matt and I will be watching things closely for you.